In order to break the rules, you first have to understand them. Our perception of photos and images is not random; it often follows learned and culturally influenced patterns. Creativity begins where we reinterpret these rules – but that presupposes that we have first understood them.
You should have internalized the following examples. In every situation there is the possibility to apply one or more of these ‘rules’ and thus decisively influence the image composition.
Overlaps and objects staggered in space
When objects overlap, this creates an effect of depth. As every photo is two-dimensional, we can open up a space and create depth. This effect can be enhanced even further by combining it with sharpness and blurring. The object in front does not always have to be in focus.
Use contrasts
There are countless contrasts, light-dark contrast, large-small contrast, sharp-blurred, near-far. All these contrasts make a photo interesting and encourage the viewer to engage with the image. Colors can also contrast, this is called complementary contrast.
Lines of vision
Eye tracking is about guiding the viewer through the picture. As this is a particularly important topic, I will write a separate article about it. In short, we want to guide the viewer through the picture with the composition. We are used to following lines, even imaginary lines.
Foreground – Background
The foreground and background are similar to the staggering of objects in space. As every photo is flat, we have to use appropriate picture elements to create more depth in the image. Sometimes a blade of grass in the foreground is enough to make a landscape appear much more three-dimensional.
Patterns and repetitions
We are surrounded by patterns – the bricks on the wall of the house, the books on the shelf. Patterns have a very special effect on us humans. We really look for them and are also able to think patterns further. Use this opportunity to arouse interest in the picture.
Point of view and perspective
We know quite well what the world looks like at a height of around 170 cm. We see things from this height every day. It becomes more interesting when we change our point of view (frog’s eye view, bird’s eye view)
Give the motif a frame
If a motif is particularly successful, there is a good chance that we will frame it and hang it on the wall. But this frame is not the point here. I’m talking about the natural frame with which the main motif can be highlighted even more. This can be a window, trees, but also a dramatic hill, in short anything that can enhance the effect of the main subject.
Falling lines / perspective
Everyone has seen falling lines. As soon as you want to photograph a building, but it doesn’t quite fit the format and you tilt the camera slightly upwards, the building appears to fall backwards. In architecture, falling lines are frowned upon; everything should be nice and straight and at right angles. However, falling lines can also be used as an excellent design element. Whenever a scene is to have a particularly dramatic effect, this is a great method. The wider the angle of the lens used, the stronger this effect becomes.
One third, two thirds
To achieve a harmonious and interesting composition, it is advisable not to place the main object in the center. The rule of the golden ratio has become established in art history. I have discussed how the golden ratio is calculated in more detail in another article. For beginners and also for everyday use, I think the 1/3 – 2/3 rule is much more practical. Many cameras offer the option of displaying grid lines; if not, simply think of a 1/3 division and position your subject using these lines. This makes the picture more interesting and exciting.
